State Competition and Higher Education A Race to Essay Example For Students

State Competition and Higher Education: A Race to Essay the Top? With MarkInterstate Competition in Health and Welfare Programs (with Mark Rom) Does state authority over redistributive projects make them less liberal? Most examinations of interstate rivalry over government assistance (referred to conversationally as the race to the base, or RTB) center exclusively around advantage levels for Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC). This paper expands the investigation to cover different government assistance programs, various proportions of liberality, and numerous pointers of state rivalry. Doing so has two fundamental advantages. To begin with, we can recognize serious conduct by states and inborn territorial covariation. We look at government assistance programs under state control and absolved from it, and incorporate pointers of symmetric and deviated rivalry, and contend that the RTB necessitates that serious weight must limit government assistance liberality, and that this limitation must be available in government assistanc e programs over which states have control and missing from programs excluded from state control. Second, we assess various measures and programs thus can sum up speculations about interstate rivalry and redistribution. To do so we look at advantages, access, and cost for the AFDC, Medicaid, Medicare and Supplemental Security Income (SSI) programs somewhere in the range of 1975 and 1995. A multivariate model yields solid proof that state command over redistribution leads no matter how you look at it to prohibitive wellbeing and government assistance strategy. We will compose a custom exposition on State Competition and Higher Education: A Race to explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now Interstate Competition in Health and Welfare Programs (with Mark Rom) Does state authority over redistributive projects make them less liberal? Most investigations of interstate rivalry over government assistance (referred to conversationally as the race to the base, or RTB) center exclusively around advantage levels for Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC). This paper expands the investigation to cover different government assistance programs, numerous proportions of liberality, and various markers of state rivalry. Doing so has two principle benefits. To begin with, we can recognize serious conduct by states and natural territorial covariation. We look at government assistance programs under state control and excluded from it, and incorporate markers of symmetric and topsy-turvy rivalry, and contend that the RTB necessitates that serious weight must confine government assistance liberality, and that this limitation must be available in government assistance programs over which states have control and missing from programs absolved from state control. Second, we assess different measures and programs thus can sum up hypotheses about interstate rivalry and redistribution. To do so we inspect advantages, access, and cost for the AFDC, Medicaid, Medicare and Supplemental Security Income (SSI) programs somewhere in the range of 1975 and 1995. A multivariate model yields solid proof that state command over redistribution leads no matter how you look at it to prohibitive wellbeing and government assistance strategy. Interstate Competition in Health and Welfare Programs (with Mark Rom) Does state power over redistributive projects make them less liberal? Most examinations of interstate rivalry over government assistance (referred to informally as the race to the base, or RTB) center exclusively around advantage levels for Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC). This paper widens the investigation to cover different government assistance programs, numerous proportions of liberality, and various markers of state rivalry. Doing so has two principle benefits. Initially, we can recognize serious conduct by states and inherent provincial covariation. We inspect government assistance programs under state control and absolved from it, and incorporate pointers of symmetric and hilter kilter rivalry, and contend that the RTB necessitates that serious weight must confine government assistance liberality, and that this limitation must be available in government assistance programs over which states h ave control and missing from programs excluded from state control. Second, we assess numerous measures and programs thus can sum up hypotheses about interstate rivalry and redistribution. To do so we look at advantages, access, and cost for the AFDC, Medicaid, Medicare and Supplemental Security Income (SSI) programs somewhere in the range of 1975 and 1995. A multivariate model yields solid proof that state command over redistribution leads no matter how you look at it to prohibitive wellbeing and government assistance strategy. .ud8ea5e20ca364ecb18a6790f6682e904 , .ud8ea5e20ca364ecb18a6790f6682e904 .postImageUrl , .ud8ea5e20ca364ecb18a6790f6682e904 .focused content zone { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .ud8ea5e20ca364ecb18a6790f6682e904 , .ud8ea5e20ca364ecb18a6790f6682e904:hover , .ud8ea5e20ca364ecb18a6790f6682e904:visited , .ud8ea5e20ca364ecb18a6790f6682e904:active { border:0!important; } .ud8ea5e20ca364ecb18a6790f6682e904 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ud8ea5e20ca364ecb18a6790f6682e904 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; progress: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ud8ea5e20ca364ecb18a6790f6682e904:active , .ud8ea5e20ca364ecb18a6790f6682e904:hover { murkiness: 1; progress: mistiness 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ud8ea5e20ca364ecb18a6790f6682e904 .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: re lative; } .ud8ea5e20ca364ecb18a6790f6682e904 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-enhancement: underline; } .ud8ea5e20ca364ecb18a6790f6682e904 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .ud8ea5e20ca364ecb18a6790f6682e904 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe range: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-enrichment: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud8ea5e20ca364ecb18a6790f6682e904:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .ud8ea5e20ca36 4ecb18a6790f6682e904 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .ud8ea5e20ca364ecb18a6790f6682e904-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .ud8ea5e20ca364ecb18a6790f6682e904:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Electronic Voting and What Should be Done EssayInterstate Competition in Health and Welfare Programs (with Mark Rom) Does state command over redistributive projects make them less liberal? Most examinations of interstate rivalry over government assistance (referred to casually as the race to the base, or RTB) center exclusively around advantage levels for Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC). This paper widens the investigation to cover various government assistance programs, numerous proportions of liberality, and different pointers of state rivalry. Doing so has two principle

Obesity Example

Weight Example Weight †Term Paper Example HPE14 Section Obesity Dr. Stephen Nathanson Obesity is such a pandemic which has overwhelmed the whole world for a long time. Weight expands the odds of numerous clinical issues, for example, cardiovascular sicknesses, osteoarthritis and even a few kinds of malignant growth (Butcher, 2006). It has additionally been found that weight is one of the significant reasons for death with an estimation of over 100,000 individuals biting the dust each year because of this sickness. These are by all account not the only issues heftiness can cause numerous other issue, for example, intricacy in pregnancy and conveyance. Be that as it may, medical problems are not by any means the only issues related with weight there are additionally sure financial symptoms of it (Sandman, 2007). Various nutritionists and dieticians recommend various arrangements and solutions for this malady. Notwithstanding, there are a couple of significant classes where the first is through eating fewer carbs in which the p oint is to eliminate utilization of stuffing food. Another well known method is working out, which incorporates vigorous exercise, yoga, rec center, hold up preparing and numerous others (Wright, 2004). A few people utilize the mix of these both with a legitimate weight reduction plan, which is another procedure. Likewise taking recommended drug is basic to control corpulence as meds control hunger (Caprio, 2006). Likewise the careful alternatives have begun to work increasingly more with the progression of time. Stoutness is an illness that has no limits and is basic among all age gatherings, sex and ethnic foundations. It is a pestilence that has spread all around the world. Insights show that 31% of Americans are viewed as large with a BMI crossing 30 (Grossman, 2004).Butcher, Kristin F. Youth Obesity: Trends and Potential Causes. The Future of Children, 16, 2006Caprio, Sonia. Treating Child Obesity and Associated Medical Conditions. The Future of Children, 16, 2006Grossman, Mich ael. The Economics of Obesity. Open Interest, 2004Sandman, Nirit. Battling Childhood Obesity through Performance-Based Regulation of the Food Industry. Duke Law Journal, 56, 2007Wright, Jan. The Obesity Epidemic: Science, Morality and Ideology. Routledge, 2004

Lamar, Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus

Lamar, Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar, Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus lo?o ´sh?s kwint?s sin?sinat ´?s [key], 1825â€"93, American statesman, b. Putnam co., Ga. He practiced law in Oxford, Miss., and sat (1857â€"60) as a Democrat in Congress. Although he at first opposed secession, Lamar drafted the Mississippi ordinance of secession. In Nov., 1862, he was appointed Confederate commissioner to Russia but was recalled from Paris before reaching Russia. He returned to the Army of Northern Virginia, in which he had previously served as lieutenant colonel of a Mississippi regiment, as a judge advocate. After the Civil War he resumed his practice at Oxford and taught at the Univ. of Mississippi. He was a U.S. Representative (1873â€"77), Senator (1877â€"85), and Secretary of the Interior in President Cleveland's cabinet from 1885 to 1888, when he resigned to serve (1888â€"93) as associate justice of the Supreme Court. His efforts after the war to restore friendly relations between North and South brought him into particular prominence. See biographies by E. Mayes (1896) and J. B. Murphy (1973). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History: Biographies

Reading Response # 3 Code Breaking - 1173 Words

Reading Response #3: Code-breaking I have, until this point in this course, complained that, with few exceptions, Science Fiction as a genre never seems to quite reach a critical mass where it can achieve breakaway-velocity and leave its rather conservative orbit of binary gender (and heteronormativity) behind. There seems to have been many times when the genre has tiptoed close to the edge of gender-binarism (for instance, in its sub-genre of feminist utopias), only to scurry away from the assumed precipice and remain firmly ensconced in the supposed safety of Man/Woman-Masculine/Feminine dichotomies. Brian Attbery’s â€Å"Decoding Gender† finally takes us over that supped cliff – or at least peers over its precipice – to speak upon Science Fiction’s potential to imagine – even predict/produce – life beyond a gender binary. Given my own research in gender identity development and deployment, I found his work to be both a sometimes-frustrating primer on the social const ruction of gender and at the same time fascinating deconstructive study of gender and in turn science fiction. This criticism of what both gender and science fiction code for, and especially where such codes overlap, becomes an important examination of the hierarchy of sign, signified and signifier . As such, it becomes salient to note as Attebery does a concurrent function of literary coding – its ability to allow the author and reader to discuss that which is already socially coded as taboo. To discuss theShow MoreRelatedEssay On Mtr1120 Words   |  5 PagesOne of the most challenging aspects of the job so far for me is how to stage changes without breaking anything and how to always keep the service running without any downtime. When you factor in the multiple microservices we have and the number of developers checking in at any time plus the multiple client applications we have, then you can have a sense of the combinatorial explosion of possibilities that are possible. The following are a couple of techniques that I use - I learnt most the hardRead MoreThe Decision Of The Following Lesson Plan Essay1570 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to the Australian Curriculum, Years 3 and 4 students are to become independent readers that are able to describe â€Å"complex sequences of events that extend over several pages and involve unusual happenings within a framework of familiar experiences† through complex language features. This includes varied sentence structures, unfamiliar vocabulary, significant high-frequency sight words and decoding of words phonically, and a variety of punctuation conventions, illustrations and diagrams (ACARARead MoreDigital Tool : Red Jumper Limited Essay1646 Words   |  7 Pagesmake books with photos, video and sound. (Version 3.6) [Mobile application software]. Retrieved from https://itunes.apple.com/nz/app/book-creator-free- make-books/id661166101?mt=8 Analysis and critique Book Creator [BC] uses and develops both reading and writing skills through offering an onscreen multimodal text (Walsh, 2006) creation tool that produces an outcome just as the name promises. The construction of this app includes the option of using photos, video or music and it also has a penRead MoreQuestions On Advanced Testing Combat1395 Words   |  6 PagesOnce some Level 2 Enemies have been dealt with, it is likely that one will encounter a Level 3 College Enemy, such as a Mamma Test or an Essay. Name: Mamma Test Name: Essay Level: 3 Level: 3 Attack: Advanced Testing Combat Attack: Stealth How to Defeat: Cool Flips How to Defeat: KO Attack, Procrastination Prevention Mamma Tests fight in a manner similar to that of Quizzes, except Mamma Tests have received training in Advanced Testing Combat in order to protect their young. This makes them farRead MoreAirline Database1533 Words   |  7 PagesFOR AIRLINE DATABASE Table of Contents 1. Introduction 1.1 Purpose 1.2 Document Conventions 1.3 Intended Audience and Reading Suggestions 1.4 Project Scope 1.5 References 2. Overall Description 2.1 Product Perspective 2.2 Product Features 2.3 User Classes and Characteristics 2.4 Operating Environment 2.5 Design and Implementation Constraints 2.6 Assumptions and Dependencies 3. System Features 4. 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The release of Microsoft Write was one of two major PC applications that were released for the Atari ST (the other application being WordPerfect). Microsoft Write was released for the Atari ST in 1988. Contents   Ã‚  [hide]   1  Word 1990 to 1995 2  Word 97 3  Word 98 4  Word 2001/Word X 5  Word 2002/XP 6  Word 2003 7  Word 2004 Read MoreIS3220 FINAL STUDY GUIDE1694 Words   |  7 Pagescan be detected from a packet header Control Information 3.) Know how TCP established a connection To establish a connection, TCP uses a three-way  handshake. Before a client attempts to connect with a server, the server must first bind to and listen at a port to open it up for connections: this is called a passive open. Once the passive open is established, a client may initiate an active open. To establish a connection, the three-way (or 3-step) handshake occurs: a. SYN: The active open is performedRead MoreJudaism and Christianity1462 Words   |  6 Pagescommandment places filial love and relationship with parents as parallel to the relationship with God, and makes a kind of a bridge between the moral code concerning relationship with God and the one between humans. Therefore, honoring one’s parents, maintaining their dignity and respect is a moral duty and important religious practice in Jewish life, and breaking this law is a fundamental sin. In fact, M.Sicker links this commandment to the key issue of political philosophy – political obligation and byRead MoreThe Transcription Process Right When Choosing A Destination Country, A Hei, And Academic Program1336 Words   |  6 Pagesthree steps in the coding procedure: data translation, data labelling and grouping, and data comparison. Open coding (line-by-line coding) was used during the first-stage of the coding process. Axial coding was applied to look for connections amo ng codes that were created during the first coding stage (Kendall, 1999). Corbin and Strauss (1990) addressed that â€Å"Open coding is the interpretive process by which data are broken down analytically† (p. 12). It allows researchers to interpret details from

Managing Stress During Internship Among Chemical...

[pic] Managing Stress during Internship among Chemical Engineering Students [pic] ACKNOWLEDGEMENT With the given opportunity, we would like to express our deepest appreciation to each and everyone who have been helping and involved in the process of conducting the research. To our parents, the support and love given to us have been giving us the strength to continue and finish the research paper. We would like to acknowledge and give our greatest gratitude to our lecturer, Puan Mazli Shahurain for her guidance, encouragement and support throughout the completion of our research paper. Thanks to her, for showing us examples†¦show more content†¦Analysis of Data 12 3.6. Limitations 12 3.7. Summary 12 CHAPTER 4: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS 13 4.0 Introduction 13 4.1 Social support and relationship 13 4.1.1 Question 1 13 4.1.2 Question 2 14 4.2 Time Management 14 4.2.1 Question 1 14 4.2.2 Question 2 15 4.3 Stress Management Programs 15 4.3.1 Question 1 15 4.3.2 Question 2 16 4.4 Communication Skills 16 4.4.1 Question 1 16 4.4.2 Question 2 17 4.6 Best way to handle stress 17 4.7 Discussion 18 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATION 20 5.1 Introduction 20 5.2 Implications 20 5.3 Suggestion for Future Research 20 5.4 Conclusions 20 REFERENCES 21 APPENDIX 22 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction For many years, engineers have transformed life and technology. Engineers are scientists, mathematicians, inventors, and project planners combined. An engineer takes information from various fields and applies that information to solve problems. Engineers invent solutions and products in every field, including disciplines like aerospace, software, biomedical, chemical, civil, mechanical, and electrical engineering. All engineers are given a similar basic education, but they also choose one of these specific disciplines to be trained in. As for chemical engineers, they are responsible for manufacturing chemicals and developing processes for doing so. Along with researching the issues, the chemical engineer mustShow MoreRelatedRecruitment Selection process at WNS11192 Words   |  45 Pagesâ€Å" GURU JAMESHWAR UNIVERSITY In the partial fulfillment of Master of Business Administration (2008-2010) SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY: Teacher shivani DECLARATION I, Shivani, student of MBA II semester, hereby certify that the project study title â€Å"RECRUITMENT PROCESS † is an original piece of work and is being submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the Masters Degree in Business Administration of H.R. I hereby declareRead MoreStatement of Purpose23848 Words   |  96 Pages....................... 21 II. 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Which of the following is the BEST definition of stress? A) the demands that are made on you by other people B) deadlines, daily hassles, or inconveniences C) a negative emotional state caused by your perception that you are unable to cope with events or circumstances D) the mental processes that people use to make sense out of their environment 3. During their third year at college, Tammy and Timothy bothRead MoreHealth Safety Issues in Garments Industry of Bangladesh11720 Words   |  47 Pagestime this report is prepared based on the collected secondary data form various electronic journals of home abroad. More recent news reasons can be presented if data are collected after building a primary questionnaire for conducting a survey among garments workers of Bangladesh who are now working in very unhealthy risky environment. Historical Background In Bangladesh there are various sectors. In last few years garments sector become a vital part for the county of Bangladesh. 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A Civil Action Review Free Essays

A Civil Action Essay Jay Lee 9-8-09 In the movie â€Å"A Civil Action†, the environmental problem was that trichloroethylene and silicone was placed into the water in the town of Woburn. It happened through a tanning company pouring chemicals on the hides of animals and it seeping out. The company also placed a lot of barrels with the dangerous chemicals into the ground and it seeped out into the wells of the town. We will write a custom essay sample on A Civil Action Review or any similar topic only for you Order Now The damage it caused to the environment and to the people was a huge amount. It poisoned the town and children were killed because of it. The chemicals caused the children to get Leukemia and they died. The people blamed the companies Beatrice Foods and W. R. Grace Co for neglecting proper cleaning habits. This movie showed that humans really need to practice good habits or humans will not be able to survive. One tanning company poisoned an entire town. If everyone was like the tanning company, everyone would be dead by now. People really need to practice good habits because we cannot live in a world that is polluted by dangerous chemicals. The earth cannot become like the town of Woburn. We cannot continue to pollute the earth or we will harm ourselves and each other. People also need to know what they are dumping into the earth. People have to continually study what they are dumping into the earth or they may end up getting sued and hurting people. Jan Schlichtmann found out a lot about what happens to people and the earth after studying the harmful effects of the chemicals that were being dumped into the town of Woburn. People need to study these things because the earth cannot take the harm from the chemicals nor can the people. The earth is all connected and it was shown in the movie. The chemicals from the plant were dumped into a ditch. The chemicals traveled through the soil into the groundwater. The chemicals then reached the wells of the community. From there the people drank the water. One action can affect everybody. The earth is all connected somehow and putting something harmful in it is just hurting everyone and everything. The earth does not take a problem and just magically make it disappear, it stays within the earth and people need to find a way to do something better or everyone suffers. People alter the planet a lot. In the movie, just a tanning company polluted the ground water and killed people because of it. â€Å"A Civil Action† showed a lot of things that dealt with people hurting the planet. People should have to pay because they are responsible for more than just hurting people. The environment is important to people along with animals. It affects everything people do. In the movie people were forced to come together to do something about it. The people were sick of facing trials and watching the deaths of children because of the chemicals in the water. It really makes people do things about them and environmental problems are serious. They have to be dealt with quickly or it may hurt current generations and future generations. People may not be able to fix the problems we make today in the future. Environmental problems are serious and need to be dealt with quickly. How to cite A Civil Action Review, Essay examples

Administrative Law for Ombudsman Enterprise -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theAdministrative Law for Ombudsman Enterprise and Justice. Answer: The level of powers and responsibilities which are vested in the administrative agencies of Australian governments are known as Australian administrative law. Basically it is a common law system where statutory overlays are increasing and the focus of which have been changed towards tribunals having extensive jurisdictions and a codified system of judicial review. A well developed ombudsman system is possessed by Australia along with legislations related to the freedom of legislations which are influenced by international models[1]. The comment and notice requirements of delegated legislation designing are influenced by the United States. An office of ombudsman exists both at state and commonwealth levels who have been provided with broad range of powers towards investigating actions related to administrative matters. Administrative law is brought in place so as to ensure quick and appropriate justice to the citizens. However it is against the concept of separation of powers which pr ovides that the judiciary, the executive and the legislative have different and independent roles to play in the society. The purpose of this paper is to assess whether ombudsman and administrative law at state level is appropriate to deal with the relationship between the state of Tasmania and the citizens in 2017. The role of an ombudsman is primarily investigative. It has to investigate the complaints made by the members of the public and in addition it has to investigate on own initiatives of the offices known as own motion investigation. Initially the investigation is privately conducted in an informal manner in form of preliminary inquiries. The powers of an ombudsman are similar to that of a royal commission which is to require examination and attendance of witness, administration of oaths, to enter premises and to require the production of documents[2]. In case it is believed by the ombudsman that an agency has not taken appropriate steps in relation to a particular matter reporting can be done by it to the state government. Tight budgetary restrictions have been imposed on the ombudsman recently. Many activities also have been removed by from the authority of ombudsman due to the introduction of privatization. In Tasmania ombudsman operates successfully and freely and act in public interest so as to improve the standard of public administration in Tasmania and resolve complaints. A few issues which are included by OT are related to the functioning of Tasmanian government agencies and departments, provisions related to services provided by local government, the welfare and treatment of people in prison and actions related to administration of the state owned businesses along with government business enterprises[3]. OT is an independent officer which is appointed by the governor who is directly answerable to the parliament. The OT investigates the administrative actions taken by public authorities so that it can be ensured that they are taking lawful, fair and reasonable actions. The OT works in objective, impartial and independent way in order to resolve complaints along with addressing systematic problems so as to enhance the standard and quality of Tasmanian public administration. The OT supervises over local councils,government departments, sewage and water corporations, stated owned companies, prisons and government enterprises. Investigation can be made by the OT on their own known as Own motionalong with a complaint made by the public. As provided by James ombudsman are very effective to enhance the relationship between the state and the citizens as it involves no cost, it is independent from the government, it provides a remedies for bad practices and when it comes to state ombudsman they have the power of offering conciliation services along with investigations[4]. However, according to buckombudsman cannot provide quick solutions to problems which are complex[5]. In addition as provided by Beckman ombudsman are not effective as the person making a complaint has no control over investigation as the ombudsman do not act specifically for the complainant and can even refuse to deal with particular matters[6]. In addition the decisions which are made by ombudsman are not binding decisions. The law which governs the decisions and actions of government decision makers is known as administrative law. Administrative actions, administrative decisions and administrative law are similar terms which can be used simultaneously. The area of Administrative law also covers the right of appealing against an administrative decision related to the question of Administrative review. Administrative law is predominant in the society. It affects building permits, car licensing, dog registration, water, sewerage, roads and mostly all sectors of society are covered by administrative law and therefore its functioning have a significant effect on the relationship between states and citizens. The decision of the local Council to impose a charge for sewerage or road works, the verdict of a government board towards acceptance rejection of an application related to the registration of a graduate as a teacher and the decision to revoke or grant car license are all parts of Administrative law. Administrative agencies work closely with the society as compared to the Legislature. The decision which is taken by administrative officials has to be in accordance to the existing laws. Although they have the power to make a decision their decisions cannot be influenced by corruption or personal preferences. The decisions of any administrative body is legally binding. However the citizens have the right to make an appeal against such decisions. Appeals are usually made to an Administrative Tribunal which has the capacity to review the merit of the decision. Further the decision of an Administrative Tribunal can be appealed against in court. In such circumstances the court does not have power to comment on the merit of the decision made by administrative tribunals the court only analyses whether such decisions have been made correctly in accordance to the laws or not. A person who has grievances against the decision made by administrative body can make a complaint to ombudsman of the particular state, administrative appeal to a tribunal, administrative review to a magistrate Court or Judicial review to the Supreme Court[7]. In Tasmania particularly citizens can appeal at Resource Management Planning and Appeal Tribunal and Tasmanian Public Housing Review Committee. It has to be noted that decisions which are provided by the public housing cannot be reviewed by the Supreme Court as they do not fall under the scope of Administrative decisions under the Judicial Review Act 2000. A person who is affected by the decision of the administrative body can make an appeal against the decision however in case the partner or ex-partner of such person is affected by such decisi on substantially can also make an appeal. There are a few legislations which provides that interested parties make an appeal against administrative bodies. For instance as provided by the Ombudsman Act 1978 where there is a question with respect to the jurisdiction of the ombudsman towards conducting an investigation into a complaint a party who is interested make an application before the supreme court to determine the question related to the jurisdiction[8]. Interested parties may include the administrative body, the principal officer of the administrative body, the Minister who is responsible for the decision and any person who has made the decision or the complaints[9]. The need for administrative law and Society is very high. It is not possible for the legislature to enact laws for each and every circumstances. The administrative bodies who deal closely with the society understand the functioning of the society and are in a much better position than the Legislature to handle the specific situation. However for a person to make a review against in administrative bodys decision there must be appropriate grounds for making such appeals[10]. Speaking technically judicial functions are primarily vested in the courts. The Commonwealth constitution does not follow the doctrine of separation of powers as quickly as it is followed by other countries. In Australia judicial powers are vested in both Federal and state courts however it is not compulsory that only these courts have the power to exercise judicial functions. In Australia judicial powers are delegated to other bodies which do not fall within the scope of ordinary courts. Administrative bodies can be better than ordinary quotes with respect to disposing cases in a timely way. In addition adjudication of Administrative tribunals are much cheaper as compared to court adjudication. The system of Administrative Agencies is flexible as well as informal as compared to the stringent and rigid common court proceedings. Administrative bodies or agencies usually have experts who have increased knowledge in a particular field or domain and therefore they are in a better positio n to understand a particular matter as compared to the judges in the court only have legal knowledge. However as provided by Barnett administrative bodies suffer from a lack of legal expertise many members of the administrative agencies are selected from diverse backgrounds and thus they do not have any legal knowledge required to adjudicate disputes[11]. Moreover Rose et al. have provided that there is always a fear of partiality with respect to the decision of Administrative agencies as most of the members of Administrative tribunals add employees of various Agencies all offices and therefore there decisions may not be particularly free and they may be bias or partial towards a particular agency[12]. The most debate full criticism provided against the system of Administrative law is that it violates the doctrine of separation of powers as it is the quotes who have been provided the authority to deal with legal matters. Ombudsman is an initiative which would ensure that there is a body to supervise over the decisions of Administrative bodies. In addition as a moment can carry out investigation in relation to and administrative party without any complain there is always a fear in mind of the administrative officials that a Watchdog is keeping an eye on the activities and therefore they must act in accordance with law. For the purpose of promoting a healthy relationship between the citizens and the state the proper functioning of the administrative bodies has to be insured. Just and fair decisions provided by the administrative bodies would ensure that the faith of people is entrusted into the governance of the state. Ombudsman is an efficient tool despite all criticism to ensure proper functioning of the administrative bodies. This can be said because even though the decisions of ombudsman and not binding the Parliament can take necessary action against administrative bodies if proper proof is provid ed to it by the ombudsman. Even though ombudsman do not investigate into specific matters the investigation can also be initiated by them on their own therefore they are able to keep an eye on the functions of the administrative bodies. Although ombudsman is a modest tool which does not have access to much power it has significant influence on ensuring good administration, safeguarding human rights, preventing corruption and initiating positive policy making. The most user friendly public administration is brought into effect by the use of ombudsman as provided by Leyland[13]. Through the process of Investigation and reviews ombudsman stop the violation of human rights and ensures consequences for any violation. Through adding to the process of changing and formulating policies ombudsman makes a contribution towards removing any inefficiencies and deficiencies related to the function of the state along with removal of any potential causes of social conflict. It not only strengthens democracy but also modernizes state institution. However it is not easy to measure how effective the work of an ombudsman is as the role played by him in the society constitutes of many functions such as dealing with complaint, interventions, identification and removal of irregularities, supervising the function of the state bodies and recommending a course of action to enhance the functions of the state. The concept of ombudsman and the principles of Administrative law must work hand in hand in order to ensure that a healthy relationship is established between the citizens and the state in the modern day. As administrative law is present in almost every part of the society there may be situation giving rise to personal preferences and corruption taking over the duty to act in accordance to the legal provisions. Such situations are addressed by an ombudsman so as to trigger best quality pubic administration and healthy citizen and state relationships. Bibliography Barnett, Hilaire.Constitutional and administrative law. Taylor Francis, 2017. Beckman, Ludvig, and Fredrik Uggla. "An Ombudsman for Future Generations, Legitimate and Effective?." (2016): 117-134. Buck, Trevor, and Richard Kirkham.The ombudsman enterprise and administrative justice. Routledge, 2016. G Fleming, Civil Administration Review Issues in Practice (2003 conference paper) Leyland, Peter, and Gordon Anthony.Textbook on administrative law. Oxford University Press, 2016 R McLead, 25 Years of the Cth ombudsman (2002 Conference Presentation) R Snell and E Wells, Serial Applicants Troublesome Users and Abusers or Necessary Agitators (2006) AIAL Forum Paper. R snell, Review of Ombudsman Act: Position Paper (2004) Rose-Ackerman, Susan, Peter L. Lindseth, and Blake Emerson, eds.Comparative administrative law. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2017.

B Control to Essay Example

Comparative Sleep Study of Basic a/B Control to Essay Example Comparative Sleep Study of Basic a/B Control to Essay Comparative Sleep Study of Basic a/B Control to Essay Comparative sleep study of basic A/B control to Evaluate the alternate breathing method Alonzo Marroquin Jr. Abstract This paper explores several published articles that report on results from research conducted on a sleep study over a span of six days that comprised of normal conditions of sleep patterns and the alternate breathing method. Evaluate and suggest if there is any satisfactory evidence on both studies that validate the finding of quality aided sleep. From an investigative standpoint, the comparison of normal sleep and alternate nostril breathing prior to falling asleep can justify that quality both ways benefit sleeping at night. This study will provide a documented tracking on three days of normal sleep and three days of alternate nostril breathing prior to sleep. Described and analyzed cultural and ethical implications of natural vs. medical remedies for sleep, including some strengths and weaknesses. Analyze biological perspective to the claim of relevance that can support this technique. Covering the scientific perspective the process of research and which components this study including Eastern medicine versus Western medicine. This study will provide a thesis and a hypothesis and if there is any correlation to better quality sleep from alternate nostril breathing works as a natural sleep aid. Exam if there are any skeptical aspects during the scientific method. Comparative sleep study of basic A/B control to evaluate the alternate breathing method Sleeping is something we spend doing approximately one third of our human life cycle and can vary in quality from one night to another and have a tremendous impact on our daily performance when we awake the next morning by either having a lousy day or having a productive day. Some 70 million people in the United States have a sleep problem. About 40 million adults suffer from a chronic sleep disorder; an additional 20 – 30 million have intermittent sleep-related problems (Berman, 2011). † Many people have difficulty with sleep and don’t give sleeping a second thought as to why they might only slept for a few hours, and complaining about having problems throughout the whole day, and not cognizant of a sleeping disorder or medical problems directly related from sleeping. Today, there are many variables that can affect us such as faster paced lifestyles, more nightshift workers, and seems to not be enough hours in the day to accomplish many tasks so we sacrifice valuable sleep. Conducting a comparative sleep study to evaluate normal and alternate breathing method to see which is more effective from a biological perspective, the cultural and ethical implications of natural versus medical remedies for sleep, the scientific perspective that some people might be skeptical, and provide personal data from sleep comparison. Sleep study results The first three nights of using no sleep aids prior to going to sleep during the normal phase was very easy for me since I work a night shift and go to sleep within 15-20 minutes when I arrive home in the early a. m. My routine is simple brush teeth, change clothes, drink a glass of water, and lock all the doors to the house before getting into bed. I easily fall asleep each night within five minutes of lying in the bed. Thirty years ago, I took a course called Silva mind control which taught me how to understand and control my body, breathing, and to go into a pattern of deep relaxation within minutes and have been successful ever since. I still wake up after five hours to go to the restroom and then return to bed until I wake up each morning at 10:30 – 10:45 a. m. My sleep pattern is very consistent and I averaged approximately 7 ? hours of sleep a night. My overall rate of restfulness score was 9. 5 During the Alternate breathing phase, I did my normal routine until I got into bed, I started the breathing exercises for 10 times then laid for a few minutes to evaluate what had transpired. I felt that my breathing rate had slowed down somewhat after the second day and I seemed to be calmer before actually falling asleep. I still wake up after five hours to go to the restroom and then return to bed until I wake up each morning at 10:30 – 10:45 a. m. My sleep pattern is very consistent and I averaged approximately 7 ? hours of sleep a night. My overall rate of restfulness score was 9. 5 The difference between the two conditions of normal versus alternative nostril breathing were insignificant but I did li ke the idea of being a little more calm with the alternate breathing prior to falling asleep. The hypothesis of the alternative nostril breathing does substantiate as a natural sleep aid was not supported through this study. I believe my mediation method is more effective than the alternate breathing method overall. Biological Perspective From a biological perspective, alternate breathing method can be a viable method towards a natural sleep aid for some people and if used on a long term basis and reduce breathing rate and the effects on the behavior. The nervous system, the brain, respiratory system, and the immune system but ultimately all organs interconnected. These claims make a lot of sense biologically since this directly has a grip on our behavior if we get or don’t get enough sleep or quality sleep. Sleep isn’t merely a time when your body and brain shut off. While you rest, your brain stays busy, overseeing a wide variety of biological maintenance tasks that keep you running in top condition and prepare you for the day ahead. â€Å"Darwin – His theory of natural selection published in his book â€Å"The Origin of Species† (1859) was a major influence on the biological perspective. Darwin was advocating not only the inheritance of characteristics, but also an evolutionary link between humans and all other species. Even though, his theory caused much controversy, it laid the basis for the study of hereditary influences on behavior (Fuller et al, n. . ). † This method would work biologically from an empirical studies standpoint. Many books and studies over the past 140 years and provided evidence to support this from Freud, Erikson, Levinson, and Piaget. Cultural and Ethical Implications Most people need about seven to eight hours of sleep each night an d the lack of sleep can cause problems like an increases risk of hypertension and heart disease, and lowers the immune system, irritability and moodiness, and have the person potentially susceptible the flu and colds. Natural remedies for improving sleep far outweigh other methods because it carries the most benefits that would be beneficial to your body. Several ideas to name a few are proper diet, herbal medicines, herbal teas, relaxation techniques, exercise, aromatherapy, music, acupuncture, and the possibilities are endless. Drinking teas and adding honey is a nice touch that contains antioxidants for better health and to calm the mind and body and is a great regiment to do before going to sleep. Relaxation techniques have a variety of methods such as yoga, progressive muscle relaxation, visualization. Yoga combines deep breathing, meditation, and stretching. A Harvard study found that daily yoga for eight weeks improved total sleep time, the time to fall asleep, and if youve never tried yoga before, not to worry (Wong, 2011). Medical remedies for sleep would be considered a practical solution for short term use only; however, they often make the problem worse over longer periods of time. Taking these medicines for longer periods may develop an addiction if not used correctly. The strengths of this are and some the weaknesses can vary in range from dizziness, groggy, lack of coordination, forgetfulness, constipation, urinary retention, blurred vision, and dry mouth and throat. Some chemical can have an adverse reaction in the body in not taken properly or consult a physician. The main concept is to find the root cause of the insomnia and not momentary Band-Aid the situation. Cultural implications of natural and medical remedies can be ascertained by a belief system of the person treating or helping to fix the sleep situation because we now live in a multicultural society in America. Some concerns including health professional and family values or trying to impose new ideas can have an impact on current society values of a person and can take decades to reverse the change. Ethical implications of medical remedies can have a more serious consequences is not dealt with properly such getting addicted to a drug and having more problems to treat besides the insomnia. The natural approach is the first measure unless not corrected, and then professional help should be sought. Scientific Perspective The scientific method is based on Empirical or measurable evidence and consists of the following systematic observation, measurement, and experiment, and the formulation, testing, and the revising the hypothesis. See below, diagram 1. The primary function is to inquiry of the knowledge to speak for itself, and support the theory confirmed and challenged. Hypotheses are explanations of designed experimental studies. The scientific method is following the steps to replicate the process to prove the validity of the hypothesis with little or no bias. Scientific methods are used in various studies such as experimental research involving rigorous esting data and generating some statistically data. The skepticism from this technique can be part of problem because of the biases from external sources or ethical considerations. Potential objective issues such as Western medicine versus Eastern medicine can have very diverse philosophies that have some cultural drawbacks when looking or approac hing a problem. Eastern medicine belief is a balance between mind, body, and spirit. Primary focuses on prevention and management of chronic illness, and the recognition of the importance of lifestyle and the mind/body connection. Western medicine belief is health is the absence of pain, symptoms, and physical or mental defects. Both medicines offer many benefits, however the approach or the ideology may differ and the end result is the patient’s well-being. â€Å"In the Western world we are required to scientifically test and prove the efficacy of the treatments prescribed to patients. Extensive testing and laborious research is done in phases and then presented to the FDA for approvals before patients can be prescribed new and innovative treatment, testing and imaging options. Eastern medicine is not as regulated and therefore not scientifically proven and because it is less understood, it is typically relegated to a voodoo status† (Pavlov, 2010). [pic] References Berman MD, M. (2011, March 8). Its National Sleep Awareness Week! MedPage Today. Retrieved July 24, 2012, from medpagetoday. com/Blogs/CelebrityDiagnosis/25223 Danucalov, M. , Simoes, R. , Kozasa, E. , Leite, J. (2008). Cardiorespiratory and Metabolic Changes during Yoga Sessions: The Effects of Respiratory Exercises and Meditation Practices. Applied Psychophysiology Biofeedback, 33(2), 77-81. oi:10. 1007/s10484-008-9053-2 Fuller, T. , Perez, G. , Espinosa, V. (n. d. ). The Biological Perspective. International Counselor. org. Retrieved July 21, 2012, from internationalcounselor. org/Psych/Biological/biological_review%20notes. htm Fogarty, Carole. 12 Great Reasons To Start Alternate Nostril Breathing:. Rejuvenation Lounge. The Living Lounge, 2009. Web. 21 July 2012. http://thehealthyl ivinglounge. com/2009/06/16/12-great-reasons-to-start-alternate-nostril-breathing-today/ Pavlov, M. D. , Helene. The Voodoo Eastern Medicine Vs. The Tested (And FDA Approved) Western Medicine. The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost. com, 14 Jan. 2010. Web. 29 July 2012. huffingtonpost. com/helene-pavlov/the-voodoo-eastern-medici_b_419873. htm Raghuraj, P. P. , Telles, S. (2008). Immediate Effect of Specific Nostril Manipulating Yoga Breathing Practices on Autonomic and Respiratory Variables. Applied Psychophysiology Biofeedback, 33(2), 65-75. doi:10. 1007/s10484-008-9055-0 Wong, C. (2011, October 5). Sleep Aids. About. com Alternative Medicine. Retrieved July 26, 2012, from http://altmedicine. about. com/cs/conditionsitoq/a/Insomnia. htm

Help Assignment

Help Assignment Help Assignment Help Assignment: Get It On Time If you need some help with any assignment, you have received at your college, do not drag things out, and appeal to our assignment writing service in order you to be able to cope with your assignment according to your deadline and not to face any troubles because of missing it. You see many students make one and the same mistake. When they receive an assignment, which it is rather difficult for them to deal with, they try to do it on their own first, after failing to manage the assignment, they waste their time for nothing, and when the deadline is here, they start the panic and do not know what to do. However, everything is much simpler. If you see that you can not cope with this or that assignment there is no any use in staring at this very assignment for several days. If you have failed to complete your assignment for the first time, you will never be able to do it. This fact is checked by the years of experience. That is why, do not wait until your deadline is here, make use of our custom writing service, and make your assignment to be ready with our help assignment in time: Professional Help With Assignments Our professional assignment writers are able to offer you any help assignment as we have specialists in all the possible spheres and disciplines you may receive assignments in. Just contact one of our representatives and find your own tutor who will gladly give you proper help assignment in any discipline you need. It does not matter which kind of help assignment you need. If you just have questions concerning this or that assignment or if you want the professional writer to complete your assignment for you, you are welcome to receive your help assignment in both of the cases. Our assignment writing company gives you one hundred per cent of guarantee of confidentiality that is why you may use our help assignment without any fear that someone will get to know that you have used our assignment writing service to complete your task instead of writing it on your own. Assignment Help Guarantee We also guarantee the high level of service that is why after you have received our help assignment you can do nothing but gain the highest grade for your assignment completing. Therefore, if some assignment does not let you sleep, appeal to our assignment writing help and get your help assignment. Popular posts: Writing a Term Paper Write a Term Paper Term Papers Essays Term Paper Writing Term Paper Topics

Assignment 6 Analyzing Conflict Management Essay

Assignment 6 Analyzing Conflict Management - Essay Example This essay aims at analyzing such a case of conflict in school and how it should be managed. Description of the Conflict The St. Mary’s Public School, New York has newly admitted a new student Amanda Martinez who has come recently from the country of Brazil to the United States. Amanda is a sincere worker and performs quite well among her peers in school. She has joined school in the last week. She did extremely well in her admission test to the school and therefore the principal has awarded her a scholarship for the entire term of year. The teachers are also very cooperative in the school and help the new student in every possible way. In her class there are about 30 girls of the same age. Most of them are Americans except for Isabel who is also of a South American descent. The students of the class did not accept her in their group from her initial days. Isabel and Amanda however have become very good friends in a very short span of time. In the forthcoming group task, stude nts in the school had to work in groups of five. Amanda and Isabel are in the same group but along with them 3 other students are present. Amanda and Isabel find it uncomfortable to work with them. When the work of the group started Amanda wanted to be the team leader as she was the best among them in studies and could allocate the duties better among the five people. However, Joanna another team member wanted to have the leadership role since it was difficult for her and two of her friends to accept that they would be working under Amanda. Thus the work could not be started because of the conflict among the team members. Analysis of the Critical issues of the Conflict: Context of the conflict The main reason why the problem has cropped up in the group is that there is a conflict of interest among the team members. Both Amanda and Joanna want to be the leader of the team. The reason why Amanda wants to have the leadership role is that she is a sincere worker and would understand the work better. She would be able to distribute the work in a fair manner among the group members. Though Isabel is happy with this decision, Joanna and the remaining two in the group have difficulty in accepting her as they want to have a power in the decision making related to the activities of the group. Apparent and underlying reasons of the conflict The perceptible reason for the conflict is the power distribution among the two groups of people working together for the achievement of the same goal. Both of the students want to have a power in the group and take interest in the allocation of the duties. The true reason behind this conflict is that Joanna being a resident of New York since her early childhood has a problem accepting the fact that they have to accept the instruction of a newly entered student. Amanda also cannot acknowledge Joanna as their leader because she is not convinced about her abilities and is worried that ignorance on part of Joanna as a leader would affect their grades for the group task. Thus there is an issue of racial discrimination in this particular case and it needs to be properly redressed. Types of Conflicts in the case This is a form of dysfunctional conflict because the students cannot work in a harmonious way which is hampering the education of the students. This kind of conflict does not lead to any productive end. It is also a form of interpersonal conflict between Amanda and Joanna

How has the spread of communicotions technology affected cultures Essay

How has the spread of communicotions technology affected cultures around the world Assess the extent to which the tnternet is a medium for Western culture alone - Essay Example In fact, the change brought about by the use of the computer during the 80s and 90s in the western world, can best be described as a general awakening that has since then spread to virtually every part of the world (Tony Schirato, 2001). In fact, a new vibrant culture is being built about constantly through an increasing desire among people to communicate. This culture has its roots in a desire among individuals for new technology and is also driven by social aspirations. Moreover, people are dissatisfied with remaining localized and are in constant need for newer technologies that can enable them to establish global connections. The development of communications technology has linked the various regions, facilitating easy communication among people and cultures around the world. Everyone belongs to a variety of cultures. During the earlier days, the farthest a person could aspire for in terms of knowing about developments was restricted to a region and can at best be termed as provincial even in the context of nations. In fact, news of an event in Australia or India would take many hours or even days to reach the United States and this was virtually the case amongst far flung nations and regions. Today, people have the facility of numerous communication technologies such as the Internet, social networking mediums, chartrooms, VoIP (voice over internet protocol) phones etc (Gunther Kress, 2007). In fact, people across the world have become more informed of the existence of other cultures through the use of new communications. Consider the case of Tibet, which is struggling for liberation from Chinese authority. People during the preceding decades had no knowledge of the practices and lifestyles of the Tibetan people let alone know of their struggle for independence. The slow pace of communication implied that the Chinese government was able to withhold much of the information on events in the region. Things during the recent years have however

SICK Score Study Research

SICK Score Study Research Sarah Mohammad Iqbal Chagani This project is pilot study of the clinical student’s preceptor ERC approval research named as â€Å"SICK score study† Introduction to the problem and topic Triaging pediatric patients is a difficult and challenging task as under-triaging could lead to sentinel events and medical errors. Since pediatric patients are more susceptible and less expressive than adult; they deteriorate quickly and many of their signs and symptoms could go either unnoticed or non-prioritized. The increased influx of pediatric patients in ED and changing trends of trained staffing could result in patients being under-triaged or missed resulting in misallocation of limited resources of ED. Numerous scores have been initiated to calculate the severity of illness in children, but all scores have either been introduced in ICU or critical care units. Since Emergency Department serves as the first door to the hospital, it should also have a scoring system so that patients could be sorted accordingly and care is not compromised. WHO has introduced ETAT guidelines for pediatric triage in emergency department but it could only be implemented after proper training and education of staff. A sign of Inflammation in sick children (SICK) score, created by Thompson, has been implemented in ED and is calculated using baseline vital signs and 4 important assessment questions. Since easy to calculate it can be implemented in ED without any specific training as vital signs are taken at the triage and the remaining parameters are verbally assessed but not documented. With this project, if significant sick score could be introduced, children triage could be made efficient and effective. Assessment phase Measurement of vital signs is a routine practice in all triage scales utilized in different hospitals for children visiting emergency department. On previous occasions, it has been seen that a lot of under triaging and over triaging has occurred resulting in missed priority levels of children and patients either being missed or not diagnosed appropriately. On two occasions, oncology pediatric patients were under-triaged resulting in sentinel events of mortality of those children in ED. It is not only important to monitor vital signs at triage but triage staff should be able to calculate severity score so that appropriate allocation of patients could take place. Currently, this hospital utilizes ESI priority system to allocate patients in ED, however, it would be interesting to observe the relationship of SICK score with the outcome of patients and compare it to the Priority levels. Vital signs play a very important role in triaging and disposition decision making of pediatric patients. Respiratory rate, color, nasal flaring all are indicators of pediatric clinical condition, however, pulse oximetry is a non- invasive technique of ruling out the severity of illness in pediatric patients. In a study, pulse oximetry measures were taken to identify the change in treatment plan and decision making of physicians. For 305 patients with Sao2 values less than 95%, the clinicians ordered 81 additional diagnostic tests for 62 patients (20%) and 39 additional treatments for 33 children (11%), and changed or added diagnoses for 25 children (8.2%) (Mower, Sachs, Niscklin, Baraff, 1997). Of this same group, clinicians admitted 50 (68%) children after rechecking the oxygen saturation, whereas 23 children were discharged without having their pulse oximetry rechecked (Mower, Sachs, Niscklin, Baraff, 1997). Furthermore, mortality levels could also be predicted with the vital signs and conscious levels of pediatric patients. Among 1133 patients, abnormality in heart rate and respiratory rates had no effect on the mortality of patients but mortality increased as the age of pediatric patients decreased with Odds ratio being 5.2, 15.4, 42.6, 57.0 and 98.3 (Kumar, Thomas, Singhal, Puliyel Sreenivas, 2003).Unlike heart rate and respiratory rate, abnormal blood pressure, oxygen saturation and conscious levels were found to have a significant (p-value Abnormal vital signs have also been found to have a significant relationship with serious and life threatening infections in pediatric patients. Children with serious infection as compared to minor infection had significantly higher temperature >39C (p,0.001), tachycardia (p,0.001), tachypnea (p = 0.002), oxygen saturations (94% (p2 seconds (p39uC (p = 0.004), tachycardia (p2 seconds (p = 0.001) when compared with minor infection (Thompson, Coad, Harnden, Mayon, Perera Mant, 2009). Planning Phase Purpose The aim of this project is to redesign the triage policy for paediatric patients and all those paediatric patients with higher score will be prioritize earlier for proper disposition and early management, so as to further improve the patient satisfaction and morbidity/mortality outcome. Objectives To predict the disease severity with SICK Score To find association of each independent variable and SICK score with the outcome variable Variables Dependant Variable Outcome of patient Admit Discharge Independent Variable SICK Score Heart Rate Respiratory Rate Temperature Oxygen saturation Systolic BP Capillary Refill Conscious Level Seizures Activity Gender Triage Category Approval and Plan Permissions were taken from ED Clinical Manager and ED Head Nurse to introduce the data collection forms (already approved by ERC AKUH) on the main counter to be attached in the file of all pediatric entries. The Unit Receptionists were informed by Manager and HN regarding the forms and reinforcement was provided by clinical student. E-mails were sent to the rotating PGME pediatric residents and pediatric ED faculty members regarding a brief of the study and requesting for filling of forms. A box was introduced in the pediatric area near the working desk of doctors for collection of data forms. Since the study was already funded by an international agency, therefore, the photocopies of the forms were done by the preceptor as per the need identified by the clinical student. Implementation phase The collected data was entered in SPSS software and codes were given to the categorical data. The sick scores were calculated using software provided by the preceptor. The total forms collected during the three week time was 185 forms but only 100 were included as the remaining had missing information (Diagram 1) The descriptive statistics of the variables revealed mean SICK score of 1.89 and a standard deviation of 0.98with the range between 0.00 – 5.10. Other variable statistics are defined in Table 1. Table 1 As displayed in Table 2, discharge patients accounted for 61% of the population and admission were 39%. It could also be noted that 38% patients lie in the age range 1-5 years and minimum percentage of 6% could be seen in the age range Table 2 On calculating the odds ratio (Table 3), it was found that SICK score had higher odds of 2.123 of patients being admitted to the hospital. Along with this, capillary refill also has higher odds of 2.46 to predict the admission outcome of patient. Table 3 Surprisingly, triage category and conscious levels were found to have no effect on the odds of outcome – indicating either discrepancies in the assessment tool of the study or the training of the triage staff. Consciousness plays a very important role in decision making of the patient but the results of this study are directing towards consciousness level having no effect on the odds of the outcome – which could be an error of the assessment tool. Though the model was 71.7% accurate in predicting the outcome of patient but the results are also implying towards comparing the assessment tool used in the Indian SICK score study and the tool used in this project. Evaluation This project has identified the importance of calculating SICK score in identifying the level of severity of illness in pediatric patients for appropriate triaging and allocation in emergency department. It also indicates that other than the baseline vital signs capillary refill should also be initiated at the triage as on an individual level it has higher odds of determining the outcome of patients. But the results also suggest few errors either in the tool formulated or the triage staff training which needs to corrected before the final study is initiated. Missing values was also a major problem as a lot of forms and patient data had to be removed as the forms were not being filled completely. Recommendation would include comparing the sick score with another simpler scoring system like TOPR and also identifying the relationship between SICK score and the mortality of pediatric patients. References Mower, W. R., Sachs, C., Nicklin, E. L., Baraff, L. J. (1997). Pulse Oximetry as a fifth Pediatric vital sign. Pediatrics. 99(5). 681 – 686. Thompson, M., Coad, N., Harnden, A., Mayon, R., Perera, R., Mant, D. (2009). How well do vital signs identify children with serious infection in pediatric emergency care. Archives of disabled children. 94. 888 – 893. Kumar, N., Thomas, N., Singhal, D., Puliyel, J. M., Sreenivas, V. (2003). Triage score for severity of illness. Indian Pediatrics. 40. 204-210. Retrieved from http://indianpediatrics.net/mar2003/mar-204-210.htm Gupta1 MA, Chakrabarty A, Halstead R, Sahni M, Rangasami J, Puliyel A. et. al. Validation of Signs of Inflammation in Children that Kill (SICK) score for immediate non-invasive assessment of severity of illness. Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2010, 36:35 Bhal S, Tygai V, Kumar N, Sreenivas V, Puliyel JM: Signs of Inflammation in Children that can Kill (SICK score): Preliminary prospective validation of a new non-invasive measure of severity of illness. J Postgrad Med 2006, 52:102-5. Data collection form MR # Age à ¢- ¡ Age bands à ¢- ¡ à ¢- ¡ 1- à ¢- ¡ 12 à ¢- ¡ 60 to à ¢- ¡ >120 months Gender à ¢- ¡ Maleà ¢- ¡ Female Triage Time Triage category (ESI) SICK SCORE Heart rate à ¢- ¡ Respiratory rate à ¢- ¡ Temperature à ¢- ¡ Oxygen saturation à ¢- ¡ Systolic blood pressure à ¢- ¡ CRT à ¢- ¡ ≠¥3 seconds à ¢- ¡ Conscious level à ¢- ¡ Aà ¢- ¡ V à ¢- ¡ P à ¢- ¡ U Seizures à ¢- ¡ Absentà ¢- ¡ Present Outcome à ¢- ¡ Admità ¢- ¡ Dischargeà ¢- ¡ Died Mode of admission à ¢- ¡ Wardà ¢- ¡ PICUà ¢- ¡ NICU

High School and Girls Education Unit Essay

1. INTRODUCTION South Africa has a high-cost, low-performance education system that does not compare favorably with education systems in other African countries, or in similar developing economies. There is a multitude of well-publicised problems, including a shortage of teachers, under qualified teachers and poor teacher performance. In the classroom, this results in poor learner standards and results, a lack of classroom discipline and is exacerbated by insufficient resources and inadequate infrastructure. On a government level, difficulties have been caused by a failure of appropriate inspection and monitoring, and confusion caused by changing curricula without proper communication and training. All this has lead to massive demoralisation and disillusionment among teachers and a negative and worsening perception of the teaching profession. Majority of learners in South Africa are bi- or multi-lingual, and attends school in a language that is not their first language. 2. INEQUALITIES FACING EDUCATION IN SOUTH AFRICA 2.1 Educational inequalities amongst blacks Amongst blacks, educational inequality largely follows the lines of income: more affluent Households are better able to support their children through school, implying increasing stratification within black society. Children from the top two black deciles progress Considerably better through the school system than their poorer counterparts and only at age15 start falling behind whites. Private resources were a major factor determining differential black educational outcomes under apartheid. Pupils in Better-off Black households do better in their education, and we find no parallel for Whites. That the education of Blacks but not Whites is constrained by financial resources is further supported by the fact that many Blacks who are not in school (but not Whites). Furthermore, greater recent access to formerly white schools for more affluent blacks may have accentuated qualitative educational differentials amongst blacks. Data from the 1996 census show mean earnings of full-time employed black workers for whom the educational level of a parent is known, children of the head of household still resident in the household to be substantially higher where the household head has at least matriculated. But is this perhaps solely due to more educated parents having more educated11 children, to differential attainment. In some way the better education of the parent translates into higher earnings for children even Compared to other young workers who also have matriculated, but where the parent had less education. However, it is not clear whether this measures the quality of education, or some other non-observed aspect of human capital transmitted from parents to children. Such premier does decline, though, to about 9% in cases where the children have graduated. 2.2 CHALLENGES FACING FEMALES Over the years girls education has been given a high level of priority at the highest level. It has been boosted by initiatives, such as free education for girls, President’s Empowerment for Girls Education, just to name but a few. However, despite all these incentives, girls education in the country is still faced with a series of challenges. The challenges facing girl’s education include; âž ¢ early marriages âž ¢ teenage pregnancy âž ¢ poverty âž ¢ peer pressure âž ¢ low adult literacy As a result of these factors, it has become very difficult to retain the girl-student in school, especially in the rural areas. Our stand here is that girls must be allowed to finish their education to the highest level, before marrying them off. Parents should be encouraged to desist from such practices as it’s not in the interest of the girl child, female students must also be serious and do away with engaging with men until they complete their schooling. The most common saying among the local people, especially at the provincial areas, is that girl’s education is not important this mentality must be changed and people must understand that education is the key to development. The performance of girls in schools concerning because it is disheartening to know that despite numerous opportunities available to them, the performance of girls in school is not the least impressive. Something urgent must be done sooner rather than later, quality must not be compromised in our education system. The Ministry of Basic and Secondary Education had set up girls education unit and introduced lots of initiatives towards addressing these challenges. Principal, among the initiatives, was the Sponsorship Trust Fund for Girls which was launched in 1999, to support the enrolment, retention and performance of girls in Upper Basic and Senior Secondary Schools in the Upper and Central River Regions. 2.3 Quality differentials in education One should not forget, though, that the quality of education still varies considerably. This is again not unique to South Africa. In some Latin American countries, the poor receive an inferior quality of schooling, with the result that individuals from the lower deciles receive a primary education whose quality is 35 percent lower than that. Although the old dividing lines of race have blurred in education, with many black pupils now attending formerly white schools, shows that most black pupils were still in schools which were predominantly black. About 5% of the pupils in mainly white schools were black, whilst in mixed schools 40% were black, but there is great quality diversity in mainly black schools, and as a group most formerly black schools still perform much worse than white schools, as reflected in matric pass rates. Judging by the high matriculation failure rates, lenient promotion policies in black schools may cause educational attainment at levels below matriculation to give an inflated impression of educational standards reached, as reflected in cognitive levels mastered. 3. CHALLENGES FACING PRIMARY SCHOOLS South Africa spends a bigger share of its gross domestic product on education than any other country in Africa. Primary schooling is compulsory for children aged 7 to 15 while an integrated approach to early childhood development aims to give all children between birth and school-going age the best start in life. A No-Fee Schools policy has abolished school fees in the poorest primary schools across the country, helping to attract poor, orphaned, disabled and vulnerable children to school, yet performance levels are lower than in many other countries in the region. High levels of school attendance, gender parity in both primary and secondary education and pro-poor school policies are achievements that contrast with the poor quality of education. Many children experience a broken journey through school, interrupted by irregular attendance, absent teachers, teenage pregnancy and school-related abuse and violence. Most public schools do not have running water; some do not have libraries and computers. There is limited provision for preschool and special education, the Department of Basic Education has devised strategies to improve learner achievements by 2014. One of these is the Annual National Assessment, intended to provide regular and credible data on learner achievement and inform decision making in the education system. The assessment in 2011 involved numeracy and literacy tests among six million foundation phase which is grade 1 to 3 and intermediate phase grades (4 to 6) learners at government schools. The findings revealed that the quality of teaching is poor, leading to low performance. The percentage of learners reaching a ‘partially achieved’ level of performance varied from 30 per cent to 47 per cent, depending on the grade and subject considered. Those attaining the ‘achieved’ level of performance varied from 12 per cent to 31 per cent. UNICEF supports government capacity to improve programme planning and results-based management while implementing innovative interventions to improve the quality of teaching and learning in schools. UNICEF also works to strengthen gender-sensitive life skills-based education for adolescent girls and boys in and out of school, with a focus on the prevention of gender-based violence, HIV and teenage pregnancy. The programme also pays particular attention to early childhood and the development of strategies for children’s equitable participation in quality ECD services. 4. SOCIAL FACTORS AFFECTING EDUCATION The biggest factor is parents, if parent’s place a high value on education and help their children do well and encourage them to push themselves and learn then it does not really matter how wealthy the neighborhood is. A school located in a lower income area will most likely have lower test scores than a school located in upper-middle class area; also our media as a whole in this country is among the factors does not really encourage higher education or even being smart as values. Even in movies where characters go to college, it is portrayed as a place to party, not to learn. Good parenting in early age of any child, like trying to get them early, and recognition of pictures of dogs, cats, pigs or other animals. Books at home are invaluable to further their education, early reading always enhances a child’s ability to grasp opportunities to progressing a fuller understanding of a subject. Parents who include their children in discussions and opinions are fitting them for communication with others at an early stage. 5. ECONOMIC FACTORS AFFECTING EDUCATION Money can be a factor in access to educational opportunities. In a perfect world, the amount of money in your bank account would have nothing to do with the quality of education to which you have access. But of course, this is not a perfect world. Truth is, despite various different initiatives to create more and better educational opportunities for the financially strapped, there remain many economic factors related to education on all levels. 5.1 PUBLIC SCHOOL DISTRICTS AND HOUSING The best public schools are often located in the most expensive districts for homebuyers. When you are a child, you think all schools are the same and where you live has nothing to do with the quality of education you will receive. That is not the case, and it is the reason why many homebuyers and young families in the housing market say their number one priority is finding a home in a good school district. With so many families looking for good public schooling, the best districts are also often the priciest. 6. CONCLUSION Despite the lasting influence of apartheid, educational access is no longer a major problem in South Africa, as more than 90% of children of all race groups remain at school until attaining matric or reaching age 16. The racial gaps in educational attainment (years of education completed) have also been substantially reduced over the past decades. However, there are severe problems with the quality of education of a large part of the South African school system, as reflected in cognitive tests of numeracy and literacy and also shown by matriculation results. The deficient performance of particularly mainly black schools is a source of concern, as this shows that reduced earnings inequality may well be more difficult than rising educational attainment at lower school levels would indicate. Only limited scope remains for additional resource outlays to redress this malfunctioning of the major part of the school system. Moreover, the evidence shows that more resources is not the solution to bad educational performance, as some of the worst performing schools are well-resourced, whilst some schools perform excellently with limited resources. 7. REFERENCE Bellew, R. & King, E.M. promoting girls and women’s education: lessons from the past. Case, Anne & Deaton, Angus. 1999. School inputs and educational outcomes in South Africa. Quarterly Journal of Economics 114(3): 1047-1084 [WEB:] http://www.google.com [WEB:] http://mg.co.za/article/2012-07-29,world bank education; the only way to reverse inequality in SA

Opre 6371 Case 5-2

6Case 5-2: Rondot Automotive Name: Lovee Sachdeva, Bin Wen, Matthew Miles, Ryan Buxbaum ,Yuguang Wang, Shaoying Lu. Group: 3 Date: 2/22/2013 ————————————————- Situation: * Glenn Northcott is the purchasing planner at Rondot Automobile in Jackson, Mississippi. The company is a wholly owned subsidiary of Rondot Worldwide, a leading global designer and manufacturer of electrical and electronic components. Note: You are Glenn) * Responsible for evaluation the outsourcing opportunity * Meet with Terry Gibson and purchasing manager to decide whether or not to take actions on outsourcing * Glenn had been approached by Greven E-Coating willing to provide electro coating services to Rondot Automobile * Goals of decision making: Reducing the total costs while maintaining and minimizing the risks from any changes made * Considerable global competition under severe cost pressure * Cust omer’s price reduction pressure expectancies from global competition * Total Sales and employment at the Jackson plant had steadily declined * Company is under significant pressure on cost reduction. The company’s current priority is to reduce operation costs * Rondot is a wholly owned subsidiary of Rondot Worldwide, a leading global designer and manufacturer of electrical and electronic components. Rondot Automotive operated 85 plants in 25 countries. The purchasing organization at Rondot automotive had a hybrid structure and the Jackson plant’s purchasing department consisted of four people, including two buyers, a planner (Glen) and Terry Gibson. * Schedule with the purchasing manager, Terry Gibson, and the plant manager, Dick Taylor in one week, and both of them are under significant pressure to reduce costs at Jackson plant. * Greven E-Coating outsourcing opportunity * Greven E-Coating Company uses a system whereby a DC electrical charge is applied to a met al part immersed in a bath of oppositely charged paint particles. * Considered more cost efficient compared to traditional wet paint systems * Samples provided from Greven E-Coating Company Tests results: 5/6 of families of housings could be converted to e-coaring using Greven at a cost of 15 cents each * Parts for five of the six represents 60% of the Jackson Plant’s volume * Failure because of different methods of adhesion of a magnet to the housing. Hot –bond adhesion process fits e-coating while cold-bond adhesion process does not fit e-coating system Current situation: * Total sales and employment at the Jackson plant had steadily declined over the past five years. * The number of employees at the plant had dropped from 1450 to 600 and plant management was under pressure to lower costs and regain market share. * Glenn has the option to do outsourcing on cleaning and painting work to Greven E-Coating. Glenn needs to come up with an ideal recommendation on how to re duce the cost and propose that to Terry Gibson and Dick Taylor. * The cleaning and wet painting had been installed 17 years prior and undergone a number of upgrades, and the current painting method costs 25 cents for each housing. (There are six parts in a housing family) BASIC ISSUES 1. Company to take decision on insourcing or outsourcing 2. Higher costs related to painting & cleaning 3. Lack of advanced technology to compete in cost reduction for a lower price 4. A decision to make, once made, is often difficult to reserve. If Rondot Automobile decides to make agreements on e-coating system, The plant needs to convert 100% hot-bond adhesion system 5.Total cost of converting 40% of cold-bond adhesion system to the total cost savings: Long-Term estimation, not short term 6. Whether the use of e-coating will lead to sole source dependency: Is the e-coating system a common painting method in market? 7. The durability of e-coating VS. of traditional coating system 8. Cost benefits ana lysis on the process 9. Inexperienced decision making on outsourcing opportunity Tasks: * What does Richard Kaplan do? Richard needs to clarify and calculate the total cost savings and the cost of converting from cold-bond adhesion to hot-bond adhesion * 25 Cents * 6 = $1. 50 * 15 Cents * 6 = $0. 90 * Does the difference $0. 60 can cover the conversion from traditional wet coating system to e-coating system? The durability and re-paint rate is also needed to consider: If the wet-coating system has durability of 10 years while e-coating repaint rate is 8 years, The total cost of conversion from traditional wet-coating system to e-coating system will increase significantly * What are alternatives? * Negotiate with Greven E-Coating for a lower costs * Conduct a careful research on both advantages and disadvantages of E-coating system * Search for more options in potential sources and substitute items other than traditional wet-painting and e-coating * The challenge of maintaining long- term technological and economic viability for the possible 100% hot-bond adhesion system * The revision of policy of supplier selection Criteria of standardization and policies regarding the choosing of suppliers * An understanding of the market conditions in order to set appropriate expectations for the price provided from Greven E- Coating * Analyze data collected for cost and technical information * Identify the root causes of sales decline. If the sales revenue can be improved, the company can maintain the current painting process to avoid future external risks * * Determine that is the cold-bond adhesion system a necessary facility for the particular family to manufacture any specified electrical and electronic components * Dose this outsourcing plan fit the business goals and objectives? * What does the company’s top management think about the Jackson plant’s outsourcing plan? * Which level of management makes a final decision on outsourcing? Talk to manufacturin g manager and clarify more information about cold-bond adhesion * Talk to the manager in the family that uses cold-bond adhesion system. Clarify the reason why the family of housing choose to use cold-bond adhesion * Identify and estimate total cost to uninstall and setup the new bond system if the method of adhering a magnet to the housing is not mandatory SUGGESTED QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION; 1. How to make analysis of the cost of switching current painting process versus the cost of setting up a painting process? What kinds of training should be provided due to the new standards of temperature, air and etc? 2. If the result of outsourcing is rejected, is the subcontracting an alternative for the company?What are the benefits and risks of using reverse auctions for specialized OEM parts? 3. What risk management and contractual steps are necessary before moving company owned tooling to a new supplier? 4. What are the benefits and risks of outsourcing? Actions: * Determination of deta iled function & mandatory of Cold-Bond Adhesion system * Meet with both Manufacturing manager and the family manager in Jackson Plant. * Determine the total costs of uninstallation the current cold-bond adhesion system and the installation of hot-bond adhesion system * Total Cost Savings calculation * Identify the cost savings potential after the modification. With the newly modified standards, communicate with Greven E-Coating and analyze the decision based on the feedbacks from the supplier. * Determine whether the total cost savings can cover the conversion cost from cold-bond adhesion system to hot-bond system * Estimate the future necessity and future technological tendency of replacing traditional wet paint to E-Coating. If the company is going to replace the traditional wet painting in the future anyway, the cost of conversion can be ignored. * Talk with Betty McKinley again and determine the detailed cost of holding two more weeks of inventory * Make agreements on price and quantity, meanwhile negotiate the term of warranty and quality assurance with Greven E-Coating Results: If accept outsourcing opportunity * Cost savings:25-15-3=7 cents on each housing * Add another two weeks worth of inventory * Lower labor and material costs * Product price reductions i. e. ability to offer reduced price to customers. * Become more competitive and there will be a gradual increase in the profit and market share. * If not accepting outsourcing opportunity (i. e.. using the earlier system ) * No savings- no price reductions * Reduce risk for investment * Extra cost in upgrading the system * Spending on more labor in this operation which results in additional costs * May result in lower operating time * Extra time for testing upgraded system. If total cost savings is greater than the costs of uninstallation of Cold-bond adhesion + Installation of hot-bond adhesion + extra inventory carrying costs: * Prepare the agreements and contract documentation on outsourcing deci sion with Greven E-Coating * The contract content with Greven E-Coating tends to be short-term to avoid sole-source dependency situation. Reach out lower priced suppliers while maintain the quality assurance * If total cost savings is equal to or less than the costs of uninstallation of Cold-bond adhesion + Installation of hot-bond adhesion + extra inventory carrying costs: * Determine the importance of common tendency of using E-coating for other manufacturing companies.If the E-coating is not mandatory in the future market, reject the outsourcing plan to avoid extra possible risks * Find out other alternative ways to reduce total costs, such as reduction of labor costs, manufacturing overhead or the replacement of cost-efficient equipment or facilities Priorities: * Maintain cost reduction at the Jackson plant. * Increase sales volume and high market share. * Ensure a successful outsourcing decision. * Maintain company’s reputation-image for reliability. Conclusion: The pai nting process should be outsourced in order to achieve significant cost savings. Ensure supplier selection process is properly done, forecast and mitigate against outsourcing inherent risks and ensure quality standard is met at all times. These will help in achieving a successful outsourcing agreement.

The Minimum Wage Is Not The Best Policy Essay - 1213 Words

When the costs of labor increase, there is a deadweight loss of employment associated with this reduction in hiring (quantity demand), which reflected in the loss for employers (consumer) and job seekers (producers). In 48 years, from 1968 to 2016, the U.S GDP has rapidly, and steadily increased to 361.5 percent from 4.62 trillion dollars to 16.7 trillion dollars. Relating this statistic to the federal minimum wage, in 1968, the federal minimum wage is 1.60 dollars per hour, if the federal minimum wage should increase by GDP grown rate, it will be 5.79 per hour today. When adjusted by inflating rate, it should be 11.11 dollars per hour for the same purchasing power. Indexing the minimum wage to inflation is not the best policy to help the low-wage worker. For example, suppose the Congress in 1938, at the height of the Great Depression, when established the first federal minimum wage as part of the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) authorized its indexing to inflation thereafter, just a s President Obama asked for in his final State of the Union address, the minimum wage of .25 dollars per hour in 1938 is worth 4.29 dollar in 2016, compared to the current federal minimum wage of 7.25 dollars per hour (BLS CPI Inflation Calculator. So what is a fair minimum wage after all and would it fix poverty with a new increase in minimum wage? Regardless of race, status, age, or where one may live, Americans are the people, not the statistics. We the American people are facing vital andShow MoreRelatedMiimum Wage and Power to the People1746 Words   |  7 PagesThree – Power to the people The third and final alternative minimum wage is to allow the local people in the community vote on a living wage. 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